《摩罗诗力说》与中国诗学的现代转型

"On the Power of Romantic Poetry" and the Modern Transformation of China’s Poetics

鲁迅的《摩罗诗力说》长期以来处于被忽视与误读的状态。这部产生于中国社会、文化大转型时代的诗学文献,或被一笔带过,或被视为鲁迅早期文艺思想不成熟之作,或只被认为是浪漫主义文学运动的纲领和中国近古文论的终结等,却鲜有人注意到它作为中国诗学现代转型的开端的标志性意义。中西诗学的现代转型有不同的性质与条件,并在不同时空走出了两条相似的轨迹,西方是在自主模式中完成,中国则是在西方影响下被动完成的,因而有着完全不同的特质。《摩罗诗力说》全面表现了这些特质。它以世界文学背景与本土文化语境、人类文明视野与文化批判意识、西方近现代哲学高度与理性精神,决定了其在中国诗学由古典向现代转型中的标志性意义,并通过启蒙主题的确立与对传统诗学的质疑、人的主体价值的确立与对儒家诗教的批判、现代审美价值观的确立与对传统诗歌审美标准的批判,反思了传统诗学,开启了中国诗学的现代传统。

'On the Power of Romantic Poetry' (摩罗诗力说) by Lu Xun has long been neglected and misinterpreted. This product of the modern transformation of China is usually mentioned only in passing, or else is regarded as an early work characterized by immature ideas on literature and art, or simply as a program for the romantic literary movement and the end point of the last stage of China’s traditional literary theory. But rarely noticed is its significance in signaling the beginning of the modern transformation of Chinese poetics. In China and the West, the modern transformation of poetics proceeded under different conditions and with different features, in different times and in different spaces; however, it followed a similar trajectory. In the West it was achieved independently, whereas in China it was realized passively under Western influence. All this finds full expression in Lu Xun’s 'On the Power of Romantic Poetry.' Due to its concern for both world literature and the indigenous literary context, its vision of human civilization and its cultural critical consciousness, its high level of modern Western philosophy and its rational spirit, this work succeeded in initiating the modern transformation of classical Chinese poetics. This was expressed chiefly through its establishment of the enlightenment theme, its questioning of traditional poetics, its establishment of the subject value of the human being and its modern aesthetic values, as well as its critique of Confucian poetics and traditional aesthetic standards for poetry.