论语义与认知——指导语言学博士生记实

On Semantic Meaning and Cognition

语义与认知都是人脑的反映，关系密切。语义丰富多彩，认知方式多种多样，语义与认知的关系也错综复杂。词汇意义的认知方式主要是概括、归类、概念化与范畴化。语法意义的认知方式主要是抽象和类推。修辞意义的认知方式主要是从抽象上升到具体，具体化、形象化、隐喻化和联想。研究语义除认知角度外，还有社会文化等角度。

Both semantic meaning and cognition are the reflection of the human mind and they are closely related to each other. Semantic meanings are colorful and so do cognitive styles. Besides, the relationships between semantic meanings and cognition are complicated. The cognitive styles of the lexical meanings refer to generalization, classifica- tion, conceptualization and categorization ; the cognitive styles of the grammatical meanings refer to abstraction and analo- gy; and the cognitive styles of the rhetorical meanings mainly refer to the transition from abstract to concrete, namely concretion, visualization, metaphorization and association. In addition to the cognitive study of semantic meanings, social cultural angles should also be included in.