北京话敬称代词“您”考源

A Study of the Origin of Honorific "nin" in Beijing Dialect

本文以定量的方式考察了《儿女英雄传》、《语言自迩集》、《小额》等早期北京话作品中的第二人称表敬形式,认为表敬代词"您"应是从"你老"发展而来,但并非直接由"你老"(nǐlǎo)脱落元音而成。它先在《儿女英雄传》中以非自由语素的形式存在于"ni-na"(你那)中,到了《语言自迩集》中才独立地充当句子成分,取得第二人称敬称代词的地位并拥有了新的汉字形式"您"。整个过程可概括为:你老(nǐlǎo)>你/您纳(ni-na)>您(nín)。此外,文章还介绍了"您"的一些特殊用法。

This paper investigates the second personal honorifics in Offspring Hero Legendary, Yuyan Zierji and Xiao Er which were written in Beijing dialect. We found honorific ＂nin＂ developed from ＂nǐ lǎo＂, and the process could be described as： （nǐ lǎo） 〉 （ni-na） 〉 （nín）. In the Offspring Hero Legendary, honorific ＂nin＂ only existed in the ＂ni-na＂ in the form of bound morpheme. However, in the Yuyan Zierji it had developed into second personal pronoun with respectable meaning and had its own form of character. In addition, this paper has also introduced some special usages of ＂nin＂.