大叶栎种子性状与苗期生长地理种源变异

Geographical Provenance Variation of Seed Character and Seedling Growth of Castanopsis fissas

为研究大叶栎(Castanopsis fissas)种子和苗木生长的种源差异及其地理变异模式,利用来自广西、广东、云南、湖南、贵州、江西6省(区)21个大叶栎种源开展苗期测定试验。观测种子的大小、百粒重、苗高、叶片数等性状并进行相关分析、方差分析和聚类分析。结果显示,不同种源间种子和幼苗生长差异均达到显著或极显著水平,纵径、横径、百粒重、苗高的变异系数分别是22.43%、23.32%、75.33%,33.85%,广义遗传力分别为0.986、0.984、0.999、和0.949,种源生长受中等以上遗传控制。除百粒重与降水量呈显著负相关,叶片数与日照时数、年均温呈显著负相关外,其他性状与地理气候因子相关性不显著。聚类分析筛选出贵州黎平、广西昭平等8个苗期表现优良的种源,其苗高的表型增益和遗传增益分别达到了37.41%、35.50%。种源选择的增产效果十分明显。

Provenance trails including 21 provenances, introduced from Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong,Hunan,Jiangxi and Guizhou provinces,was used to study geographic variation pattern of seed character and seedling growth. Seed and seedling characters including seed length, seed width, 100-grain weight et al were analyzed. The variance analysis result showed that differences between seed and seedling characters from 21 provenances all reached the significant or extremely significant level. The genetic variation coefficients of seed length, seed width, 100-grain weight, seedling height were 22.43%, 23.32%, 75.33%, 33.85% and the broad-sense heritability were 0. 986,0. 984,0. 999 and 0. 949. Seed and seedling characters had high heredity ability. Correlation analysis of result suggested that negative correlation was highly significant between One-hundredgrain Weight with rainfall. Between the quantity of leaves and annual average temperature, between the quantity of leaves and sunshine duration both showed significant negative correlation. Clustering analysis result showed that 8 provenances including Liping in Guizhou province, Zhaoping in Guangxi province, et al, were super, their average phenotype gains and genetic gains of seedling height were 37.41% and 35.50%. The volume output of the super prevenances was significant.