棉尘对棉纺厂工人健康影响的研究

Study on the Health of Cotton Mill Workers

对１９９０年招收的一组棉纺厂新工人１２９例（失访１９例，实际调查１１０例）分别于暴露前，暴露１０周及１年时进行了随访，研究棉尘接触与症状发生、肺功能改变及气道反应性的变化，及与特异体质等因素的关系。结果：班后ＦＥＶ１的下降幅度在１０周及１年时均较小，棉花抗原皮试阳性者稍大于阴性者。气道反应性在１０周时增强，１年时仍保持在较高水平，皮试阳性者增强尤为显著。咳痰及胸部紧束感等症状随暴露时间延长逐渐增多，而干咳和鼻腔刺激症状等在１年时比１０周有所减少。提示呼吸道炎症反应随棉尘暴露时间延长逐渐加重，棉花抗原皮试阳性者反应更重。

お group of 110 workers in a cotton mill was investigated by questionnaire,skin testing,and the measurement of airway responsiveness through forced expiratory volume for one second(FEV 1)by spirometry.The workers were examined before starting work,10 weeks and one year after exposure.Decreases in FEV 1 over shifts were small at 10 weeks and one year,and were slightly higher among people with positive skin reactions to cotton dust extracts.Airway responsiveness,defined as the average decrease in FEV 1 after 1 25mg methacholin,was increased at 10 weeks.It remained about the same after one year,except in the workers with positive skin test.Subjective symptoms of chest tightness and cough with phlegm increased progressively at 10 weeks and one year.Nasal irritation remained unchanged and dry cough decreased in one year.The results suggest that the airway inflammation caused by cotton dust increases with the exposure time and that the changes are more notable in workers with reactivity to cotton dust extract.