室内材料中挥发性有机物释放模式的研究进展

Development of Emission Models for Volatile Organic Compounds from Indoor Materials

室内材料中释放的挥发性有机化合物（ＶＯＣｓ）是造成室内空气污染的主要原因之一。ＶＯＣｓ的释放特性是室内空气质量研究的重要组成部分。可精确控制条件的暴露小室技术已成功地用于ＶＯＣｓ释放特性的研究。该技术可用于建立ＶＯＣｓ释放浓度随时间变化的模式，进而也可建立ＶＯＣｓ释放率随时间变化的模式。本文综述了室内材料中挥发性有机化合物的释放模式，阐述了释放过程的基本原理、影响参数和不同释放模式的应用进展。从目前的研究状况来看，单纯挥发模式、稀释模式及蒸汽压模式由于没有考虑到室内普遍存在的吞吐效应的影响，故其应用受到限制。吞吐效应模式是一种比较全面的释放模式，能够较好地描述室内材料中ＶＯＣｓ的释放特性，具有广泛的应用前景。

olatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from indoor materials was a major cause of indoor air pollution. The characteristics of VOCs emission was an important part of research programs on indoor air quality. The technology of test chambers with exactly controllable conditions has been successfully used in studies of VOCs emissions. The technology could be used to model the chamber VOCs concentration level vs time profile C(t), which could in turn be used to estimate the sample emission rate vs time profile R(t). The emission models of VOCs from indoor materials were presented in this review. The principal of emission process, parameters and the applications of emission models were introduced. The application of diffusion model,dilution model and vapor pressure (VP)model were limited due to the existence of sink effect. Sink model is the most promising model at present.