北京奥运会武术比赛医疗保障特点及启示

Characteristics and inspirations of medical assurance for martial arts events in Beijing Olympic Games

目的探讨北京奥运会武术比赛相关医疗准备、医务人员配置和伤员救治等医疗保障特点。方法收集武术赛场和场馆医疗站诊治的所有伤员资料，对运动员受伤场合、损伤部位、伤情类型和伤后处置等资料进行统计分析。结果测试赛中，套路比赛受伤运动员占该类参赛人员的0．92％，主要为腰部及下肢扭伤；散手比赛受伤运动员占该类参赛人员的12．4％，多为头面部、躯干、会阴、四肢顿挫伤，并有皮肤撕裂伤，且有16例重伤员转送医院救治。正式比赛中，套路比赛无运动员受伤；散手比赛伤员占该类参赛人员的5．5％，无重伤员转送医院。结论运动员在散手比赛中的受伤机会多于套路比赛，在测试赛中的受伤人数和伤情严重程度都高于正式比赛，中级别运动员受伤概率高于其他级别运动员，医疗人员配置应选择具有多学科知识的专业外科人员。

Objective To probe into characteristics of medical assurance for medical service preparation, medical staff deployment and injury treatment/rescue for martial arts competitions in Beijing Olympic Games. Methods Collecting data of all injuries treated onsite of martial art venues and in clinics of such venues, for statistical analysis of the injury occasions, injury location, injury types and post-injury treatment. Results During the test games, injuries found in martial arts repertoire competitions account for 0.92% of all athletes in the category, mostly waist and lower limbs injury; injuries found in sanshou competitions account for 12.4% of all athletes in the category, mostly blunt trauma on head/face, body, perineum and four limbs, along with skin lacerations and 16 heavily wounded transferred to hospitals for rescue. No injuries are found in official games of martial arts repertoire competitions; in sanshou competitions, injuries account for 5. 5% of all athletes of the category, without heavy injuries for hospital rescue. Conclusion Athletes tend to be exposed to greater risk of injury in sanshou than in repertoire competition, headcount of injuries and injury heaviness in test games are higher than official games, probability of injuries of athletes of middle level is higher than those of other levels. Medical staff of professional surgeons of multidisciplinary skills are recommended.