从观众视阈看阿瑟·密勒《推销员之死》的二度翻译问题

On the Second-time Translation of Dramatic Scripts:A Study of Arthur Miller’s "Death of the Salesman" from the Aspect of the Audience’s Visual Threshold

二度翻译是戏剧作品翻译的独特现象，从外邦移植过来的作品总要走过一个从原文到译文，然后从译文到舞台的过程。如果说从原文到译文是第一度翻译的话，那么，从译文到舞台就存在二度翻译的问题。此文将从本土文化、书面语与口头语、语言节奏、本土意象、时代特点的介入等方面探讨阿瑟·密勒《推销员之死》二度翻译的诸种现象及造成这种现象的真正原因。

Second-time translation is a distinctive phenomenon in dramatic scripts translation. The importation of foreign dramatic scripts usually goes through two steps：from the original script to the translated one;from the translated one to the performance script on the stage. If we classify the first step as the first translation, the second step should belong to the second-time translation, which is more complicated than the first one, and bears the characteristics of collective translation. In the second-time translation, the directors, actors, as well as the art directors would never give up the opportunities of translating the script. This is true of every dramatic script. This article will not only discuss the second-time translation of Arthur Miller＇s ＂Death of the Salesman＂ ,but also the reasons behind it from the intervention of local culture, written and oral language, language rhythm, local images, feature of the age and the elimination and modification of non-civilized elements.