语素的古义特征对双音词构词的影响——从几个表“视觉动作”的语素谈起

Influence of Morpheme's Ancient Meaning Characteristics upon Double-syllable Word Formation——Talking from several "visional movement" morphemes

构成现代汉语双音词的语素多由先秦的单音词发展而来。古义特征是指这些语素的某个义项在先秦共时的语义场中体现出来的意义特点。古义特征不仅体现在使用中的对立,表现为该词在语义场中的地位;而且也决定了语素在现代汉语构词时的选择。选取意义相关的一组语素进行古义特征和现代构词的考查,能够揭示构词时古义特征对双音词词义和词性的影响、对双音词语法特征的影响以及语义场内部的发展演变。

The morphemes forming modern Chinese double -syllable words are largely derived from single - syllable words of the Pre - Qin Dynasty. The characteristic of ancient meaning refers to some meaning item of morphemes which embodies characteristics of Pre - Qin synchronic semantic field. Ancient characteristics represent not only the antinomy in using, word＇ s position in semantic fields, but also decide the choice of morpheme in Chinese modern word formation. Selecting a group of morphemes with relative meanings to survey their character of ancient meanings and modern word formation, we can reveal the influence of ancient meaning characteristics on double - syllable word＇ s connotation and part of speech, the impact upon grammar features of double - syllable words as well as the internal evolution of semantic field.