门诊患者药品不良反应及安全用药认知度调查

Outpatients' Cognition of Adverse Drug Reactions and Safety Use of Drug

目的:了解南京地区门诊病人对药品不良反应及安全用药的认知情况,为开展针对性教育提供依据。方法:在三甲医院门诊候诊病人中采用系统抽样的方法抽取调查对象,进行自填式问卷调查。结果:共发放问卷2100份,回收有效问卷1987份,有效应答率94.6%。46.1%的病人能正确理解药品不良反应概念;63.8%认为所有药品均可发生不良反应;42.6%认为药品不良反应是医疗事故;46.5%认为医院应对此承担责任;出现不良反应后95.5%的病人会选择停药;92.0%服药前会阅读说明书中的"不良反应";94.0%生病时会选择医生开药方治疗;仅6.1%认为抗生素越贵效果越好;89.1%知道购买处方药时要出具医生处方;85.9%的病人其单位或社区没有开展过药物知识的培训。多因素分析显示文化程度和户口类别与认知度的高低有关。结论:门诊病人对药品不良反应的认知情况欠佳,但安全用药意识尚好。还需对农村地区者及低文化程度者加强宣传和教育。

Objective： To investigate outpatients＇ cognition of adverse drug reactions （ ADR ） and safety use of drug in Nanjing. Method： By systemic sampling, questionnaire survey was conducted in selected outpatients in three thirdgrade class-A hospitals. Result： 1987 sheets were finally taken back and checked to be valid. The valid response rate was 94.6%. 46.1% of the patients knew the definition of ADR. 63.8% thought all drugs could cause ADR. 42.6% thought ADR was medical accident. 46.5% thought hospitals must be responsible for ADR. 95.5% of the patients would stop taking drugs after ADR occurred. About 90.0% read ADR or guidelines in specifications. 94.0% would see doctors after being ill. Only 3.2% thought advertisements in media were reliable and 6.1% thought the more expensive antibiotics were, the more effective the treatment could be 89.1% knew buying drugs needed doctors＇prescriptions. 85.9% had never been educated about safe drug use. Multiple factors analysis demonstrated the cognition degree on ADR and safety use of drug were related to education levels and kinds of household registers. Conclusion： The outpatients＇ cognition of ADR is poor, but their consciousness of the safety use of drug is good, so the education should be enhanced in countryside people and in poorly educated people.