碳酸盐生物沉积作用的研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Biological Precipitation of Carbonate

碳酸盐矿物是地球上最丰富的矿物之一,碳酸盐沉积在许多地质过程中起着非常重要的作用。生物沉积碳酸盐的现象在自然界普遍存在,其中又以生物沉积碳酸钙(CaCO3)为主。生物从周围环境中选择性地吸取元素,在严格的生物控制下,组装成功能化的碳酸盐结构;生物也可以通过改变周围的环境诱导碳酸盐的沉积或自身参与碳酸盐的沉积。不同生物对碳酸盐沉积的作用和机理不同,综述了海洋动植物、藻类生物、菌类生物对碳酸盐的沉积作用及其机理以及实验室模拟调控CaCO3生物矿化方面的一些研究成果和研究现状,提出未来亟待解决的一些重要问题,并指出生物沉积碳酸盐研究所具有的巨大应用前景。

Carbonate minerals are some of the most abundant minerals on the earth. Carbonate precipitation plays an important role in many geological processes. It is a widespread phenomenon in nature that carbonate can be biologically precipitated particularly in the precipitation of calcium carbonate （CaCO3 ）. The organisms selec- tively absorbed elements from surrounding environment, and assembled functional carbonate structure under strictly biological control. Moreover, the organisms induced carbonate precipitation through changing the surrounding erivironment. The organisms themselves could also participate in carbonate precipitation. The role and its mechanism in carbonate precipitation varied with different organisms. Here, we summarized the biological carbonate deposition and its mechanism mediated by marine plants and animals, algae organisms and bacteria organisms. The development of simulative regulation of biomineralization of CaCO3 was also discussed in this paper. Some important questions needed to be addressed in the future were proposed, and the promising application of biological precipitation of carbonate was pointed out.