生物多样性的保育及可持续利用对策

Response Options for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity

简要介绍了千年生态系统评估(MA)项目编写的《生态系统与人类福祉:生物多样性综合报告》的核心内容。报告表明,生物多样性是生态系统服务与人类福祉的源泉,当前的生物多样性丧失是由直接驱动力与间接驱动力综合作用的结果,而且这些驱动力的作用尚未出现减缓迹象,预计未来几十年仍将持续存在,甚至可能进一步增强。因此,为了减缓生物多样性的丧失,必须在原有工作的基础上做出更大努力,制定并实施一整套的保育及可持续利用对策。它们包括:①以保护为主的对策,比如建立保护区等;②以可持续利用为主的对策,如建立生物多样性与生态系统服务的付费制度及交易市场等;③兼顾保护与可持续利用的综合对策,如加强多边环境协议之间的协调等;④侧重于驱动力与促成条件的对策,如取消鼓励过度利用生态系统服务的补贴等。

The synthesis report, Ecosystem and Human Well-being： Biodiversity Synthesis, was briefly introduced in this paper. This report indicates that biodiversity is the sources of ecosystem services and human well-being; current loss of biodiversity is driven by both direct driver and indirect driver; and these drivers are either steady which, show no evidence of declining over time, or are increasing in intensity. Unprecedented efforts would be needed to mitigate the loss of biodiversity, and more significant progress will require a portfolio of response options for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity that build on current initiatives. They include： （1）Responses with a primary goal of conservation ; （2）Responses with a primary goal of sustainable use ; （3）Integrated responses that address both conservation and sustainable use; and （4）Responses that address direct and indirect drivers and that seek to establish enabling conditions.