12种有毒植物的化感效应比较研究

Allelopathy of Twelve Poisonous Plants

以油菜、燕麦、反枝苋和狗尾草为受体,采用室内生物测定法和盆栽法,研究了甘肃天祝天然草地12种有毒植物的化感作用.结果表明:离体条件下,黄花棘豆、臭蒿、节烈角茴香和露蕊乌头植株水浸液对4种受体植物化感作用较强,其综合化感效应值(M)分别为-0.7815、-0.6859、-0.6670和-0.6432;其次是密花香薷、醉马草、美丽凤毛菊、甘肃马先蒿、迷果芹和异叶青兰,其M值均低于-0.4;对受体植物化感作用较弱的是乳白香青(M值为-0.3439)和铁棒锤(M值为-0.2625).黄花棘豆植株对盆栽的油菜、燕麦、反枝苋和狗尾草幼苗生长有较强的抑制作用,综合化感效应M值分别为-0.5296、-0.3562、-0.5201和-0.5884.可见黄花棘豆表现出较强的化感作用,具有一定的开发利用价值.

By means of bioassay in laboratory and pot-culture method,we studied the allelopathy of 12 poisonous plants from natural grassland in Gansu Tianzhu on the seedlings of Brassica campestris L. ,Arena sativa L. ,Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv. The results showed that aqueous extracts of the Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge,Artemisia hedinii Ostenf. , Hypecoum leptocarpum Hook. f. et Thorns. and Aconitum gymnandium Maxim. had stronger allelopathy to the four receptor plants, and their synthetic inhibitory effect （M） was -0. 781 5,-0. 685 9,-0. 667 0 and -0. 643 2 ,respectively. Then Aconitum g ymnand ium Maxim. , Elsholtzia densa Benth. ,Achnatherum inebrians （ Hance ） Keng, Saussurea lap pa Clarke. , Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim. , Sphallerocarpus gracilis （Bess.） K-Pol. and Dracoccephalum hetero- phyllum Benth, their synthetic inhibitory effect was lower than -0.4. While Anaphalis lactea Maxim. （-0. 343 9） and Aconitum pendulum Busch（-0. 262 5） had a weaker allelopathy. The living body of Oxyttopis ochrocephala Bunge had the strongest allelopathy to the four receptors. Their synthetic inhibitory effect （M） was -0. 529 6,-0. 356 2,-0. 520 1 and -0. 588 4 respectively. Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge had the strongest allelopathy and had a certain value to develop and use.