吉富罗非鱼幼鱼对10种饲料原料表观消化率的研究

Research on Apparent Digestibility of Ten Feed Ingredients for Juvenile GIFT Strain of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

本试验以0.5%的三氧化二铬(Cr_2O_3)为指示剂研究吉富罗非鱼幼鱼对10种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、磷、总能和氨基酸的表观消化率。10种饲料原料分别为玉米蛋白粉、玉米柠檬酸渣、玉米胚芽粕、普通豆粕、发酵豆粕、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、麦芽根、鱼粉和蚯蚓粉,试验日粮由70%的基础饲料和30%的试验饲料原料组成。选用初体重为(7.05±0.09)g的吉富罗非鱼苗495尾,随机分为11组,每组3重复,每个重复15尾鱼,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂1种试验日粮,收集的粪便样品待测。结果表明:10种饲料原料的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、磷、总能和氨基酸的表观消化率范围分别为41.7%～98.9%、90.6%～99.6%、73.1%～98.8%、49.5%～99.6%、45.4%～99.7%和83.3%～100%。在10种饲料原料中,鱼粉、蚯蚓粉和大豆分离蛋白的干物质、粗蛋白质、总能表观消化率较高;玉米柠檬酸渣和蚯蚓粉的粗脂肪表观消化率较高;玉米胚芽粕和蚯蚓粉的磷表观消化率较高。蚯蚓粉的总能表观消化率最高,麦芽根的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总能表观消化率最低,大豆浓缩蛋白的磷的表观消化率最低。各原料氨基酸表观消化率的变化趋势与蛋白质表观消化率的趋势一致。由此可知,大豆分离蛋白、蚯蚓粉可视为鱼粉的优良动植物替代物,大豆浓缩蛋白、普通豆粕和发酵豆粕的营养价值略低于大豆分离蛋白、蚯蚓粉和鱼粉,麦芽根的营养价值最低。

The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, phosphorus, gross energy and amino acids of ten feed ingredients for juvenile GIFT strain of Nile tilapia were determined using 0.5% Cr203 as anindicator. The test diets consisted of 70% basal diet and 30% test feed ingredients including corn gluten meal （CGM）, corn byproduct （CBP）, corn germ oil meal （CGOM）, soybean meal （SBM）, fermented soybean meal （FSM）, soy protein concentrate （SPC）, soy protein isolate （SPI）, malt sprouts （MS）, fish meal （FM） and earthworm meal （EM）. Four hundred and ninety-five juvenile GIFT strain of Nile tilapia with body weight of （7. 05± 0.09） g were randomly assigned to 11 groups with 3 replicates in each group and each replicate contained 15 fish. Basal diet and test diets were fed to the fish and the fecal samples were collected. The results showed that apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, phosphorus, gross energy and amino acids were 41.7%--98.9%, 90.6% --99.6%, 73.1% --98.8%, 49.5%-99.6%, 45.4% --99.7% and 83.3%-100%, respectively. In the ten feed ingredients, FM, EM and SPI had higher apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy; CBP and EM had higher ether extract apparent digestibility; CGOM and EM had higher apparent digestibility of phosphorus. EM had the highest value for gross energy apparent digestibility. The lowest dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and apparent digestibility of gross energy was found in MS while the lowest apparent digestibility of phosphorus was found in SPC. The apparent digestibility of amino acids had a positive correlation with apparent digestibility of crude protein for a given test ingredient. In conclusion, SPI and EM were the best plant and animal protein sources in ten feed ingredients that could be used as FM replacement. The nutritive value of SPC, SBM and FSM were lower than that of SPI, EM and FM, and the nutritive value of MS was the lowest in ten feed ingredients.