马克思主义的意识形态概念辨析

A Dialect Analysis of the Conception of Marxism Ideology

意识形态作为一种反映特定经济形态、阶级利益的观念或意识系统,通常人们将它阐释为一种"虚幻意识",但是一种虚幻或颠倒现实的观念解释系统如何能够反映并服务于阶级利益?除非阶级和意识形态之间的关系比阶级的条件更基本、更源始。马克思开启的存在论新境域,显然是以这个关系到阶级前意识和观念符号系统结构的"无知"天幕为背景的。在那里,不可能将反映与被反映者、科学与意识形态的关系作认识论或知识论的区分和理解。马克思试图揭示的是有关"活动"的前提,以及确定意识(形态)存在的物质性。既如此,就不能指望马克思将基于分裂的阶级统治的社会状况之意识形态虚幻及其辩护作用作认识论的定位,尽管常常有人大费周章地认为他确实这样做了。

Ideology as a consciousness system,which reflects certain economic shape and class interests, is usually regarded as ＂illusional consciousness＂. However, how can an unrealistic or illusional consciousness reflect and serve the interests of a class？ Only in the case that the relationship between class and ideology is more fundamental and original than the condition of class can do it. The new ontological realm initiated by Karl Marx is obviously based on the ＂innocent＂ condition relating preconsciousness and structure of symbolic system of class. In this ＂innocent＂ condition, it is impossible to identify and comprehend the relationships between reflection and the reflected, and science and ideology in epistemology. What Marx is trying to explain is the premise of the concerned ＂action＂ and the materiality of ideology. Therefore, we shall not count on Marx to orient the analysis of divided class rule social condition＇s illusion consciousness and its function as epistemology, though there has been a lot of hard work to support the opposite idea.