战场爆震性声损伤及其防护

EXPLOSIVE ACOUSTIC TRAUMA AT BATTLEGROUND AND ITS PHYSICAL PROTECTION

本文评价了我军研制的A型耳塞在实战条件下的应用效果。结果显示炮手戴耳塞后,在脉冲噪声163.5～171.6dB(A)的情况下,语言联系未受干扰,鼓膜未见损伤,暂时性听力阈移(TTS)在炮击2h内可以得到防护。观察中出现一个有兴趣的事实,炮击完成2h内进行的及时测听,以1周内未炮击的平均基准听力和炮击时戴耳塞的TTS(2h)比较,出现听力阈移平均提高0.98～3.1dB的现象。这一结果可能与战斗紧张环境,机体调动生理潜力提高应激效应有关。炮击时不戴耳塞者,鼓膜因强脉冲噪声引起充血,有3/4的测听结果TTS下降约25dB。据分析,听力的丧失程度与鼓膜的损伤呈比例相关,r_s=0.681,P<0.01。

This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of ear protector,, during combat at battleground. The results showed that marksmen with ear protection can hear the speech articulation without disturbance at pulse noise 163.5～171.6 dB (A), and ear drums can be protected from injury and the temporary threshold shifts (TTS) were prevented over 2 hours. It is interested that there was an average elevation of TTS (2h) of 0.98-3.1 dB in most marksmen at battleground shooting as compared with those at usual time. It was demonstrated that it was not due to determination error. This event would support the supposition that the degree of stress was correlated with the strenuous combat surroundings.When the ear protector was not used at artillery shooting the strong impulse noise induced congestion in ear drums, and the TTS were decreased about 25dB in approximate 3/4 of the tests. It was demonstrated that the hearing loss was proportionally correlated to the trauma of ear drums, with correlation coefficient, r_s=0.681, P<0.01.