压疮风险预警报告表的设计与应用研究

The design and application of forecast report chart for pressure ulcer

目的提高压疮的防治率，降低压疮的院内发生率。方法选择2007年1月至2008年12月住院病人采用压疮风险预警报告表进行压疮风险评估，筛选出1881例压疮高危病人，将其作为观察组，并对其皮肤情况进行监控，采取针对性的防压疮护理措施及压疮风险预警资料信息化管理。采用历史对照法，将2005年1月至2006年12月用Braden量表进行压疮风险评估，筛选出1650例的相关资料设为对照组。观察两组高风险压疮预报准确率、难免压疮的发生率、不同程度难免压疮的发生数及可避免压疮发生数。结果两组高风险压疮预报准确率、难免压疮的发生率、Ⅱ度难免压疮的发生数及可避免压疮发生数比较，观察组均明显优于对照组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论应用压疮风险预警报告表能有效预测压疮风险，结合医院信息化平台进行压疮预报数据资料管理，预见性地实施压疮护理措施及管理监控，能提高基础护理质量，降低高危病人压疮发生率。

Objective To elevate the prevention rate and reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer inhospital. Methods Design a forecast report chart to assess patients who were in hospital from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2008 by putting this chart in application, from which screen out 1881 patients who were susceptible to high risk of pressure ulcer （patients＇risk scale was below 14） . Those patients were regarded as investigation group, and their shin conditions was observed, and taken effective nursing measures. Using historical contrast, the patients picked out by Braden chart in Jan. 2005 -Dec. 2006 were considered as control group. The differences in gender, age, history, and the number of patients between two groups were insignificant （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . The high - risk prediction accuracy rate of pressure ulcer, inevitable pressure ulcer rate, the amount of inevitable pressure ulcer in different depth, and the amount of evitable pressure ulcer were analyzed. Results The high - risk prediction accuracy rate of pressure ulcer, inevitable pressure ulcer rate, the amount of inevitable pressure ulcer in Ⅱ depth, and the amount of evitable pressure ulcer inhespital of investigation group were significantly better than those of control group （ P 〈0. 05） .Condusions The forecast report chart is a more effective in pressure ulcer risk prediction. Predictive nuring , management and supervision for patients with pressure ulcer high risk factors are conducive to the im- provement of the basic nursing quality and thus lower the incidence of pressure ulcer among high risk patients.