浙江省丽水市居民病毒性乙型肝炎病毒感染现状及危险因素分析

Study on hepatitis B virus infection status and risk factors among populations in Lishui city Zhejiang province

目的了解2007年浙江省丽水市不同人群病毒性乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染现状,分析感染危险因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,分城镇、农村点抽取常住居民为研究对象。进行入户调查,包括问卷调查、定性访谈以及采集血清标本,使用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法对血清标本进行检测。结果共完成调查3286人,男性1596人,女性1690人。平均年龄(43.70±0.68)岁,最大年龄96岁,最小1岁。全人群HBV携带标化率为10.19%,男性感染率为12.36%,女性为9.03%,男女差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.10,P=0.750);1～岁、6～岁、15～岁、61～岁4个年龄组阳性率分别为0.45%、3.74%、15.52%、6.53%。乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)阳性率1～岁组人群最高,为51.23%,6～岁组最低,为36.64%。接种乙肝疫苗者与未接种的HBV感染率分别是1.55%和10.39%。小学以下文化程度的人群HBV感染率(9.65%)与初中以上文化程度的人群(3.87%)相比为高(χ2=24.77,P=0.000)。共用牙刷、共用剃须刀、创伤性美容史、输血、有偿献血等都是感染HBV的高危险因素。结论丽水市居民HBV携带率仍偏高。接种乙肝疫苗能明显降低HBsAg携带率,提高抗-HBs阳性率。针对危险因素采取干预措施是降低人群乙肝感染的有效方法。

Objective To investigate the hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection status and the risk factors among the populations in Lishui city.MethodsMulti-stage stratified random sampling was used to select the subjects in urban and rural areas,questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted and serum samples were collected among them,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was performed to test serum sample.ResultsA total of 3286 residents were surveyed,including 1596 males and 1690 females with the average age of 43.70±0.68 years old（ranged from 1 to 96 years old）.The standardized positive rate of HBsAg among the populations was 10.19%,but the difference of that between males（9.03%） and females（12.36%） was not significant（χ2=0.10,P=0.750）.The positive rate of HBsAg among the people aged〈5,14,60 and 〉 60 years were 0.45%,3.74%,15.52% and 6.53% respectively.The positive rate of anti-HBs among the people aged〈5 years was highest（51.23 %）,and that of the people aged 14 years was lowest（36.64%）.The rate of HBV infection was statistically different（χ^2 = 95.69,P=0.000） between the people who had vaccinated hepatitis B vaccine（1.55%）and those who had not vaccinated（10.39%）.The HBV infection rate among the people with the education level of primary school or below（9.65%） was higher than that among the people with the education level of middle school or above（3.87%）.Sharing toothbrush and razor,cosmetic surgery,blood transfusion and blood donation were the risk factors of HBV infection.ConclusionThe infection rate of HBV was still high among the populations in Lishui,which could be declined by the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine and the increasing of the anti-HBs positive rate.Interventions to the risk factors are the effective method to decline the HBV infection rate in populations.