西安市托幼机构甲型和乙型肝炎的血清学与流行病学研究

THE SEROLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HEPATITIS A AND B IN KINDERGARTENS IN XIAN

本文报告了西安市9个幼儿园甲、乙型肝炎血清学与流行病学调查结果。观察期间甲肝的罹患率为2.7～23.5％,影响甲肝流行的因素主要有生活卫生状况,托幼机构类型与传播方式。甲肝显性病例与不显性感染之比为1∶1.0～2.0,流行初期显性比例较高。而乙肝的感染主要是亚临床类型。乙肝的感染率一般在15.0～21.5％,其与生活卫生状况可能关系不大。结果提示影响乙肝流行的因素与甲肝不同。在我国的幼儿园仍有可能大批儿童在短时间内受到乙肝感染。

The results of sero-epidemiological studies on hepatitis A and B in 9 kindergartens in Xian were reported. The incidence of HA varied from 2.7% to 23.5% during the investigation period. The risk factors associated with HA epidemic included the living-hygienic state, opening type of kindergarten and transmission model. The ratio of clinical cases to inapparent infection of HA was between 1:1.0 and 1: 2.0, and higher in early stage of the epidemic, while HB infection mainly occurred in subclinical type. The HB infection rate, generally, was 15.0-21.5% and might not be associated with living-hygienic state.The results indicated that the risk factors with HB epidemic were not similar with those with HA. In China, it is still possible that a great number of children in kindergarten would be infected by HBV during a short period.