苦楝素含量高的苦楝优良种源及单株选育研究

Breeding of superior provenances and superior individuals of Melia azedarach for high toosendanin content

采用有机溶剂乙醇浸提法提取苦楝果实、树皮和树叶中的杀虫活性成分,对苦楝提取物进行熔点测定、红外吸收光谱测定、质谱及紫外吸收光谱测定,确定该提取物是苦楝素。测定苦楝不同部位的苦楝素含量,进行不同部位苦楝素含量的相关性分析,发现苦楝不同部位的苦楝素含量之间不存在显著相关。在国内收集15个苦楝种源,进行繁殖和造林,并测定其树皮和树叶中苦楝素的含量,分别进行聚类分析和综合比较,筛选出适于矮林作业的优良种源7个;在福建省内进行苦楝优良单株选择,选出128株苦楝优良单株,测定苦楝优良单株果实中苦楝素含量,进行聚类分析和平均值比较,筛选出果实中高含苦楝素的苦楝优良单株9株。

Using organic ethanol extraction method, an active insecticide compound was obtained from the nuts, bark and leaves of Melia azadarach L. The compound was identified to be toosendanin by melting point test, infrared absorption spectrometry, mass spectrometry and UV spectrometry. There was no significant correlation in the content of toosendanin among different components of M. azadarach trees. Fifteen provenances of M. azadarach were collected from China, which were then cloned and used for plantation, among which seven superior provenances for being cut at young were chosen after considering their contents of toosendanin in the barks and leaves. Nine superior individuals that had highest content of toosendanin in the nuts were selected from 128 trees of M. azadarach in Fujian.