从社会事实到法律规范--作为社会实践的法律

From Social Facts to Legal Norms:The Law Asa Social Practice

为什么要遵守法律?一种法哲学传统认为是由于法律所内蕴的自然、神谕、理性及道德等内容,而法律实证主义则认为法律本身就是行动的理由,并试图将法律的规范性溯源至主权者创制法律的行为这一社会事实。因此,它的一个理论任务就是论证如何从社会事实推出法律规范。边沁、奥斯丁与哈特都分别进行了努力,但都各有缺陷。而如果以承认规则作为理论工具,以社会成规论与共担合作性行动理论作为运思资源,就可以很好地论证出社会实践如何产生法律规则,从而为这个法哲学的元命题提供一个具有解释力的说明。

Why must people abide by the law？ One legal philosophy tradition holds that the answer lies in the nature, the God＇ s will, reason and morality which are the inherent contents of the law, whereas legal positivism tradition maintains that the law itself is the very reason for the action, and it tries to trace the normative nature of the law to the social fact, namely the law - making by the sovereign state. One of the theoretical tasks for legal positivism, therefore, is to prove how legal norms have been deduced from the social facts. Bentham, Austin and Hart had made painstaking efforts in this respect, but none of them had succeeded in providing convincing arguments. However, if taking the rule of recognition as a theoretical tool and the theories of social convention and shared cooperative activities as intellectual resources, we can prove how social practice produces the legal rules successfully, and provide an explanatory exposition for this meta -proposition in legal philosophy.