论法律实证主义的权威理论

The Authority Theory of Positive Jurisprudence

一直以来,法律权威问题作为一个潜在话题存在于法律实证主义与自然法学关于法律与道德问题的争议中。法律实证主义者在为法律权威寻找经验性基础的过程中,发展出三种不同的权威观,即奥斯丁的"强制性"权威观、哈特的"内在面向"权威观与拉兹的"服务性"权威观。三种权威观体现了法律实证主义权威理论的三个特点,即法律权威是一种特殊的实践权威,从"外在面向"权威观到"内在面向"权威观的转向,以及法律权威事实面向与规范面向的结合。

This article aims to summarize and introduce the concept of the authority of law upheld by legal positivism. Being a hidden topic, the authority of law has always existed in the debate over the issue of law and morality between legal identify the approaches empirical to the con basis for the authority of law, cept of authority, that is, the positivism and natural law. In the efforts to legal positivists have ＂coercive＂ approach developed three different by John Austin, the ＂internal aspect＂ approach by H. L. A. Hart and the ＂service＂ approach by Joseph Raz. Among these three approaches, the author finds three characteristics： the authority of law refers to a special kind of practice authority; the transformation from ＂external aspect＂ to ＂internal aspect＂; and an integration of factual and normative aspects of the concept of authority