人胎腹膜孔超微结构的研究

ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE PERITONEAL STOMATA IN HUMAN FETUSES

本文应用扫描电镜、透射电镜和图象处理技术对15例胎儿标本的腹膜孔进行了研究。为证明腹膜孔是否为物质吸收的通路,作了动物实验。在膈腹膜上有两类细胞,即立方形和扁平形间皮细胞,腹膜孔仅位于立方形细胞之间,形状多不规则。腹膜孔呈簇状或带状分布。并发现膈肌性部和腱性部腹膜均有腹膜孔,前者的面积为10.43±1.61μm^2,后者为7.93±1.67μm^2。腹膜孔的基底面无基膜,直接开口在薄层结缔组织上,借此与丰富的腹膜下毛细淋巴管相毗邻,这样的位置关系对腹膜腔内的物质吸收更为有利。在动物实验中,我们注意到注入家兔腹膜腔内的台盼蓝颗粒可被腹膜孔吸收。本研究首次证实了人腹膜孔是腹膜腔中物质吸收的重要通路。

In fifteen human fetuses spcimens the peritoneal stomata were studied with SEM and TEM, and measured by image processing system. In order to prove that the peritoneal stomata are the passageway of absorbed matter from the peritoneal cavity, animal experiments were made. There are two types of the mesothelial cells on diaphragmatic peritoneum, i. e. the cuboidal cells and the flattened cells. The peritoneal stomata, which arranged in clusters or strips, were only found between the cuboidal cells. The shape and size of the stomata were often irregular. The average area of the stoma on the muscular portion is 10.43±1.61μm^2, while on the tendinous portion is 7.93±1.67μm^2. The connective tissue underlies below the stomata, under which no basement membrane was found. Many lymphatic capillaries were observed in the connective tissue, which may promote absorption of matter from the peritoneal cavity. In animal experiments, some particles of trypan blue were absorbed through the stomata of rabbit diaphragmatic peritoneum. The authors consider that the stomata, are first observed in human, are important pathway for draining matter from the peritoneal cavity.