人大脑中央前、后回的血管构筑

THE ANGIOARCHITECTURE OF HUMAN ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CENTRAL GYRI

本文报道用脑血管铸型扫描电镜观察动-静脉连续灌注和同时显示脑内微动脉及微静脉的方法,研究了30例人大脑中央前、后回的血管构筑。认为脑表面软膜动脉主支的分支可分为双侧树枝状分支型(44.44％)、单侧树枝状分支型(17.99％)、梳状分支型(16.93％)、不规则分支型(20.63％)4型。中央前、后回各由几个主支供应,各主支的分支穿入点之间,有一不规则的乏血管线。软膜动脉之间有一般吻合和直线吻合两种形式。根据脑内微动脉的长度不同,可分为皮质短动脉、皮质中等动脉、皮质长动脉、皮质下动脉和髓质动脉5群。它们发出的分支有顺行、逆行和水平3种。中央前回皮质长动脉较多,中央后回皮质中等动脉较多。脑内微静脉同样可分为上述5群,但不完全与动脉伴行。皮质血管网可分为3层,第2层占皮质Ⅲ、Ⅳ层,该层血管网最密;第3层占皮质Ⅴ、Ⅵ层在中央前回,该层广阔,网眼较大。本文还对脑内动、静脉的区分和动脉的一些特殊结构等问题进行了讨论。

The angioarchitecture of both anterior and posterior central gyri of thirty human brains was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, double injection method and alkaline phosphatase method. The study was divided into two parts. (a) Pial vessels: The branching pattern of pial arteries on the gyrus surface could be classified into 4 types. Type Ⅰ (bilateral branching type) accounted for 44.44% of the total, type Ⅱ (unilateral branching) 17.99%, type Ⅲ (comb-like) 16.93% and type Ⅳ (irregular) 20.63%. Each gyrus was supplied by several main branches, forming various areas separated by poorly vascularized lines. Two types of anastomoses (general and straight anastomoses) were found. (b) Intracerebral vessels: based on the degree of their penetration, intracerebral arteries and veins were divided into 5 groups, respectively. They were short, intermediate and long cortical, subcortical and medullary vessels. Arteries gave off forward, horizontal and recurrent branches. There were more long cortical arteries in the anterior central gyrus and more intermediate arteries in the posterior. The arteries were not accompanied by veins. Though rich blood supply was found in layer Ⅲ-Ⅳ, there was a broad vascular network with large meshes in layer Ⅴ and Ⅵ in the anterior central gyrus. Problems in distinguishing arteries from veins and particular vascular features were discussed.