试析1865-1900年美国南部棉花生产的“反常供给”

The "abnormal supply" of Cotton Production form 1865 to 1900 in the Post-bellum South

1865—1900年美国南部的棉花生产扩张是一种发生在棉花价格不断下降情况下的"反常供给"。南部农业劳动者在棉花价格不断下降,收益不断减少,粮食零售价格高昂,甚至"亏本"经营的不利情况下,始终坚持相对单一的棉花生产模式,并在此基础上继续不断扩大棉花生产规模。借贷制度是造成南部棉花生产"反常供给"的深层次原因。正是通过借贷制度下的作物留置权体制和借贷价格体制,种植园主将自己不断增加棉花生产规模的意愿强加给南部的农业劳动者,并使他们陷入"棉花—债务—更多棉花—更多债务……"的"恶性循环"。

The great expansion of cotton acreages in Southern United States from 1865 to 1900 is a kind of 'abnormal supply' under the condition of cotton price falling continuously.The southern agricultural labors sustained the one-crop production mode all the time and continued increasing the cotton acreages of their own farms under the falling cotton price,declining proceeds,high retail price of foodstuff,and even suffering a loss.The credit system is a fundamental cause of the 'abnormal supply'.Through its crop lien system and credit price system,the planters forced his black tenants and small white farmer on the periphery of plantation to follow his willingness of increasing cotton acreages continuously and made them trap in the 'vicious cycle' of 'cotton-debts-more cotton-more debts'.