市场经济自由秩序探微

On the Free Order of Market Economy

自由是现代市场经济最为重要的要素之一,首要是指市场上的行为自由,尽管这不是自由的全部。组织体,尤其是国家或政府的行为具有自由特性,而不仅仅是传统意义上的"职责"。职责理论既混淆了行为的意志源起与意志表达、实现上的区别,又混淆了组织行为中的内外关系,并且在公、私法人之间作区别对待。传统自由主义关于经济秩序的"自发生成观"具有狭隘性,人为地割裂了市场秩序与社会公共秩序,这既不符合历史与现实,同时又具有内在的矛盾性。市场上的自由应包括政府或国家的行为自由,市场经济的自由秩序是由众多自由的行为之间的相互竞争而自组织地"涌现"出来的。

The freedom is significant to modern market economy. The freedom means that action in the market is free, but that is not the full content of it. Actions of organizations, especially of a country or a government, are also free, which do not only refer to traditional responsibility. The responsibility theory does confuse not only the origin of will with the expression and realization of will, but also the inside and outside relations. Moreover, the theory impertinently discriminates the actions in market of public corpora- tion from private corporation. The idea of liberalism that economy orders generate spontaneously is parochialism and self-contradictory, which dissevers market order from the society, and falls short of the facts. Market freedom should include the freedom of national or governmental action, and the free economy order is the outcome of competition between all free actions, which is of self-organization.