4个贫困县农村5岁以下儿童定期普服维生素A干预营养不良的效果:前瞻性队列研究

Prospective cohort study on preventive effect of regular taking vitamin A on malnutrition for children under five years old in four rural poverty-stricken counties

目的：探讨定期普服维生素A（VA）对营养不良的干预效果。方法：对抽样人群5岁以下儿童口服维生素A大剂量突击法1年内口服VA两次（双剂量）,每次10-20万IU,间隔6个月;采用《WHO 0-6岁儿童身高、体重参考值与评价标准》进行评价。结果：患病率及相对危险度：营养不良患病率服VA组明显低于对照组（服药前）,低体重、发育迟缓和消瘦的RR分别为1.4、1.3和2.6,均有非常显著统计学意义。人群归因危险度百分比：服VA后比对照组各分别降低15.2%、12.4%和44.4%。结论：补充维生素A降低了营养不良的患病率。

Objective： To explore the effect of regular taking vitamin A on prevalence rate of malnutrition in children. Methods： Children under five years old received vitamin A orally twice a year, 100 000 -200 000 IU each time, the interval was 6 months;＂ WHO 6- year-old children height and weight referanee values and evaluation criteria＂ was used to evaluate the intervention effect. Results： The prevalence and relative risk ： the prevalence of malnutrition in vitamin A taking group was lower than that in control group. The relative risk of low birth weight, growth retardation and marasmus were 1.4, 1.3 and 2. 6, respectively, there was significant difference between vitamin A taking group and control group. The people aattributable risk percentage ： after taking vitamin A, the rates of low birth weight, growth retardation and marasmus reduced by 15.2 %, 12.4% and 44.4%, respectively, compared with control group. Conclusion： Supplementing vitamin A is helpful to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition.