10周内人胚膝关节半月板的发生和形成

THE MORPHOGENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MENISCUS IN EARLY HUMAN EMBRYO

本文对138例胎龄在10周以内的人胚作连续切片进行半月板形态发生方面的观察。根据形态作者将半月板的早期形成过程分为四期:初期:共19例,平均胎龄为40天(35—47天);此期下肢芽荫出不久,下肢骨原基刚形成,周围间充质细胞增生密集。中期:共44例,平均胎龄45天(34—50天),此期在股、胫骨之间形成一致密的间充质细胞板块。后期:共21例,平均胎龄为52天(46—70天),此期半月板雏形形成。其和股、胫骨之间出现潜在腔隙。形成期:共54例,平均胎龄为59天(42—66天),此期膝关节及半月板基本形态均已形成。经统计学处理,各期之间均有非常显著的差异(P<0.001)。本文结果表明至胚胎第九周,膝关节半月板已基本形成,形态基本相同于成人者。它的发育、形态和下肢功能状态,股、胫骨髁的发育都有密切的关系。

One hundred and thirty-eight cases of fetus under 10 weeks were collected and their menisci were studied by serial sections. The Primary morphogenesis of meniscus can be divided into four stages. 1. Primary stage, 2. Middle stage, 3. Latestage, 4. Formative stige. We found in this study that the morphogenesis of meniscus forms essentially at the end of the ninth week of fetal age and the meniscus of embryo is similar to that of the adult in form.It is believed that the morphogenesis and development of meniscus are closely corelatted with the functional state of lower extremity and the development of the femoral and tibial condyles.