我国区域经济发展对地质环境压力分析与评价

Evaluation of Geo-environmental Pressure from Regional Economic Development in China

论文利用物质流分析方法,对我国省域地质环境与区域经济的物质流进行了核算,在此基础上构建了地质环境压力评价指标,对我国区域经济发展造成的地质环境压力进行了比较评价。结果表明:总体上我国区域地质环境压力由东向西呈递减态势,地质环境压力最大的是长江三角洲经济区、山西能源基地和环渤海湾经济区,其次是黄河中游经济区、长江中游经济区、东南沿海经济区和成渝经济区,而西部的青海和西藏经济区则最小;地质环境压力大的地区,地质环境压力的主要来源有所不同。例如,上海主要来源于房屋建设和废弃物、废水排放,天津主要来源于废弃物、废水排放和地下水开采,山东主要来源于矿产资源开发和工程建设。

Rapid development of industrial economy in China exerts greater pressure on its geo-environment than any previous comparable period, which was resulted from exploitation of geological resources and release of industrial wastes. With the aim to provide a useful and comprehensive understanding for decision-making in geo-environmental management, this paper estimated material flows from and to its geo-environment for each provincial industrial economy in 2006 in China using the method of material flow analysis, and developed an index system which was used to evaluate geo-environmental pressure based on material flows data. In 2006, the total material requirement （TMR） of the socio-economy for the geo-environment was 33090 million tons, four provinces of Shandong, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shanxi had a TMR exceeding 2000 million tons ; the total material output （TMO） （not including hidden flows） to the geo-environment was 1710 million tons, the four provinces had a TMO exceeding 100 million tons. The spatial distribution of provincial geo-environmental pressure indicated that on the whole, the provincial geo-environmental pressure showed a decreasing trend from east to west. The greatest geo-environmental pressure occurred in the economic region of the Yangtze River Delta, the energy base of Shanxi Province, and the Bohai Sea economic region. The next occurred in the economic region of the middle Yellow River, the economic region of the middle Yangtze River, the southeast coastal region and Chengdu-Chongqing economic region. Material flows data showed that for different regions, the main causes for geo-environmental pressure were different. For example, the geo-environmental pressure in Shanghai was mainly caused by city construction and waste discharge, while in Shandong it was mainly caused by mining industry and engineering construction.