贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州水资源可持续利用策略

Study on the Strategies of Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in Southeast Guizhou Province

以黔东南苗族侗族自治州为研究区域,全面分析流域特征及水系特点、水资源时空分布特征以及水环境质量分异状况,从空间、时间、目标、风险等维度综合探析区域水资源冲突,使用系统动力学方法进行水资源系统仿真和动态模拟,探讨不同产业发展模式、水资源利用策略下的优化情景,从面向流域综合管理的水资源生态补偿、面向区域产业转型的水资源优化配置、面向多目标开发的河流生态系统管理、面向山区民族村寨的饮用水安全保障等角度提出了全州水资源可持续利用的主要策略。

Sustainable utilization of water resources is always a hot topic with the development of human. Mountainous-ethnic region of Southwest China, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River, possesses rich water resources with an overall good quality of water environment. However, it is still facing the problems of seasonal, regional, engineering water shortage and temporary deterioration of water quality and hidden danger in drinking water in the ethnic villages. In this paper, Southeast Guizhou Province was taken as an example. Firstly, thorough analysis on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources and the quality differences of water environment was made, and then, comprehensive analysis on conflicts of water resources utilization system was made from the following four aspects ： （ 1 ） cross-border conflicts between the economic development in the upstream and water environment protection in the downstream; （2） conflicts between present extensive mode and sustainable utilization concept of water resources utilization ; （3） conflicts between river development and ecological protection ; and （4） conflicts between decentralized distribution of ethnic villages and centralized ways of drinking water supply. Thirdly, water resources system was simulated dynamically and optimized from different industrial development modes and utilization strategies of water resources by using System Dynamics （SD）. On this basis, the strategies to sustainable utilization of water resources in this area were proposed. Those strategies are listed below ： （ 1 ） under the integrated watershed water resources management with user participation, efforts should be made to improve the ecological compensation mechanism ; （2） allocation of water resources can be optimized by transforming the industrial structure and actively carrying out water-saving work simultaneously; （3） multi-target-oriented development of water resources should be managed on the basis of the river ecosystem management; and （4） protecting water environment in water source area to safeguard adequately drinking water safety, especially the ethnic villages in mountainous area.