河南小麦和夏玉米两熟制种植区的划分研究

Study on Plotting out Double Maturation Cropping Regions on Wheat and Corn in Henan Province

为科学划分河南省适宜小麦和夏玉米两熟种植的不同生态区,利用26个有代表性的县(市)气候和土壤肥力资料及历年小麦和夏玉米平均产量等46个指标,提取出7个主成分,采用类平均法,进行聚类分区。结果表明,26个有代表性的县(市)可分为六大区:第Ⅰ区包括12个样本县(市),覆盖了河南省豫北和豫东的大部分地区和豫中的部分地区,可分为4个亚区;第Ⅱ区包括9个样本县(市),位于河南省中南部;第Ⅲ区包括偃师和济源两个样本市;Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2、Ⅰ-3亚区和Ⅱ、Ⅲ区都是小麦和夏玉米两熟适宜种植区,Ⅰ-4亚区是小麦和夏玉米两熟次适宜种植区。第Ⅳ区仅包括温县,该区位于太行山的山前平原,热量资源较丰富,土壤肥沃,灌溉条件好,是河南省小麦夏玉米一体化种植的最适宜区。第Ⅴ区仅包括卢氏,这里位于河南省最西部的伏牛山脉,山峦起伏,海拔较高,土壤耕层浅,小麦夏玉米产量均低,夏季不宜种植玉米,但可种植谷子、红薯等耐旱耐瘠作物,为麦谷(薯)两熟适宜区。第Ⅵ区仅包括信阳,这里水热资源充足但光照不足,夏秋季宜种植水稻,为稻麦两熟适宜区。最后讨论了不同种植区小麦和夏玉米两熟制的种植模式和生产潜力。

In order to plot scientifically out wheat-corn double cropping regions in Henan Province, 26 counties or cities were clustered by group-average method using seven principal components which were extracted from 46 indexes including the climate and soil fertility data and average yield of wheat and corn in the past years. The result indicates that 26 representative counties or cities are divided into six planting regions. Region Ⅰ, including 12 representative counties or cities,which covers most area of north, east and partially middle Henan province, can be divided into four subregions： subregion Ⅰ - 1 includes Anyang county and Puyang county; subregion Ⅰ -2 includes Fengqiu county, Zhongmu county, Weihui city, Qixian county and Xuchang county ; subregion Ⅰ - 3 includes Shangqiu county （ Suiyang district）, Yongcheng city and Luyi county; subregion Ⅰ -4 includes Ruyang county and Luoning county. Region Ⅱ , including nine representative counties or cities： Xiangcheng city, Shangshui county, Taikang county, Xiping county, Tanghe county, Fangcheng county, Yexian county, Neixiang county and Runan county, locating in middle south Henan province. Region Ⅲ includes Yanshi city and Jiyuan city which are transitional regions of hilly area in west Henan province to plain. Subregions Ⅰ - 1, Ⅰ - 2, Ⅰ-3 and regions Ⅱ ,Ⅲ are apt regions for planting wheat and corn in Henan province. Region Ⅰ -4 is the second apt regions for planting wheat and corn in Henan province. Region Ⅳ includes only Wenxian county, is located in the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain of North China, and is most apt for planting wheat and corn in Henan because of plentiful heat resource, fertile soil and high-quality irrigation conditions. Region Ⅴ, only Lushi county, has a chain of mountains running down its spine with higher elevation, shallower topsoil and lower yield of wheat and corn, where corn is not suitable to be planted during summer and autumn, but millet and sweet potato can be planted, it is a double maturation cropping region on wheat and millet（ sweet potato）. Region Ⅵ, only Xinyang county（ Pingqiao district）, has plentiful of water and heat resource, but light is deficient, where corn is not suitable to be planted in this region during summer and autumn, it is a double maturation cropping region on wheat and rice. Finally, planting patterns, yield potential of wheat and corn in different regions were discussed.