1995年至2006年中国入境旅游目的地空间形态及演变分析

Analysis on Spatial Evolvement of Inbound Tourist Destination in China

入境旅游发展水平是衡量一个国家或地区旅游产业国际化水平和产业成熟程度的重要标志,本研究运用市场竞争态模型、地理集中指数,MapInfo软件对中国入境旅游目的地空间形态演变进行了分析,结果表明:①1995年～2006年,中国主要入境旅游城市外国游客人数从730.32×104人迅速增加到2561.60×104人,年均增长率达12.08%;全国入境旅游市场竞争态分析结果显示,金牛市场和明星市场较稳定,而幼童市场数量增加较快;12年间中国入境外国游客的地理集中指数由30.29%减少到25.17%,表明入境旅游目的地逐渐趋于分散;②从东中西三大区域分析,数量上东部地区入境外国游客人数总量明显大于中西部,东部地区入境旅游市场在稳定中快速成长,中西部地区入境旅游市场呈现波动起伏态势;1995年～2006年,东中西三大区域入境旅游均呈现逐年发散态势,地理集中指数呈现以2.09%、1.99%、1.01%的速率扩散;③入境旅游目的地空间形态体现出"东渐西递"格局,20世纪90年代初外国游客主要选择北京、上海及周边城市,21世纪初出现"南下西递"趋势,目前呈现由沿海一带向中西部地区扩散的格局。

Inbound tourism is acknowledged as one of the most effective approach to assess tourism internationalization and maturity of this industry. Tourism has made great progress in China since the implementation of reform and opening-up policy, and the quantity of foreign and domestic tourists has increased significantly in every province. According to market competition state model, geographical concentration exponent and software of Mapinfo, the spatial configuration and its evolvement process of Chinese inbound tourism destination in the latest 12 years are analyzed. The results show that： 1） the number of Chinese inbound tourists increases from 7.30 million in 1995 to 25.62 million in 2006 with an annual growth rate of 12.08 percent. Combining market occupancy rate and growth rate, we find that regional tourism markets can be compartmentalized into four types, such as ＂star market＂ , ＂Taurus market＂ , ＂infant market＂ and ＂thin-dog market＂. The analysis of inbound tourism market competition state shows that ＂Taurus market＂ and ＂star market＂ generally remain stable, while the number of ＂infant market＂ soars. The index of geographic concentration decreases from 30.29 percent to 25.17 percent in 12-year time, which indicate that inbound tourism destinations are not centralized in a few places. 2） Analysis of tourists number in the eastern, middle and western China demontrates that the quantity of inbound tourists in eastern China is more than the sum of those in the middle and western regions. Inbound tourism market in the eastern region increases steadily, while the maket in middle and western China fluctuates obviously. The geographic concentration index of inbound tourism in eastern, middle and western China demonstrates a scattered trend year by year, with a rate of 2.090, 1.99%, 1.01% respectively. At the same time, the average number of days for inbound tourism decreases while the frequency increases due to more convenient traffic and better infrastructure. 3） The spatial configurations of inbound tourism destinations show an ＂eastward and westward＂ pattern. To specify, in early 1990s, Beijing, Shanghai and the surrounding cities, which mainly lie in the east of China, are the primary tourism destinations of most foreign tourists. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the spatial configurations have presented a tendency of ＂southward and westward＂. At the present time, it takes on a scattered pattern which diffuses from coastal area to middle and western regions of China.