社会认知中归类的启发式策略

The Heuristic Strategies of Categorization in Social Cognition

归类是社会认知的一个重要途径,是把新的经验或刺激归入某类熟悉的心理表征中。归类是一种推理行为,一般是自动进行的。由于类本身的模糊性,归类可能不正确,也不一定符合外部现实。采用归类进行社会认知可以节约认知资源,迅速从类中获得关于新经验的其他特征,帮助人们进行预测和计划行为。归类过程中人们通常会使用启发式策略,主要有典型性启发、模拟启发和可获得性启发,一般来说,启发式策略能帮助我们快捷的解决问题,但有时也会产生偏差。

Categorization is an essential way in social cognition. It means to put the new experiences or stimulus into some mental representation of familiar. Categorization is an act of inference, which typically proceeds automatically. Due to the fuzziness of category, categorization can be incorrect, and need not correspond to outer reality. With it people can save cognitional resources, get other characters of the new experience immediately, and make predictions and programs about what to do. During categorizing people usually use the heuristic strategies, which contain of the representativeness heuristic, the simulation heuristic, and the availability heuristic. Generally speaking, they are helpful, except some biases.