城乡母亲教养方式与其依恋类型的关系

Comparison of attachment and parenting style among urban and rural mothers in China

探讨城乡母亲教养方式与其依恋类型的关系及其相关因素。采用关系问卷(RQ)和亲密关系经历调查表(ECR)测量城乡各71名小学生母亲的依恋类型,采用改编过的EMBU问卷测量他们的教养方式。主要结果如下:(1)RQ和ECR的测量结果基本一致:城市母亲依恋的非安全性显著低于农村母亲。(2)安全型母亲在"情感温暖与理解"维度上的分数显著高于非安全型母亲;在"拒绝与否认"、"过分干涉"维度上的分数显著低于非安全型母亲。但城市的安全/非安全型母亲在"情感温暖与理解"、以及"过分干涉"上并不存在差异。(3)城市母亲在"情感温暖和理解"上的得分高于农村母亲,而在"拒绝与否认"、"过度干涉"上则低于农村母亲。(4)自己孩子是男孩的城市安全型母亲比女孩的母亲在"惩罚和严厉"维度上得分更高。结果表明母亲教养方式与其依恋类型的关系和母亲居住地、孩子性别等多种因素有关。

This study aimed to investigate the relation between attachment and parenting style among urban and rural mothers in China. 71 rural mothers and 71 urban mothers of primary school students completed RQ and ECR questionnaires to measure their attachment. A revised version of EMBU Chinese version was used to measure their parenting style. Results showed： （1） Results of the two measurements for adult attachment were basically the same, Attachment avoidance in Chinese rural mothers was significantly higher than that in urban mothers. （2） Concerning the parenting style, on ‘Warmth and understanding＇, mothers with secure attachment had higher scores than mother with insecure attachment. On ‘Rejection and deny＇ and ‘over-involved＇, mothers with insecure attachment had higher score than mothers with secure attachment. Except for Chinese urban mothers, there was no significant difference between mothers with secure/ insecure attachment on ‘Warmth and understanding＇ and ‘Over-involved＇. （3） Urban mothers with secure attachment had higher score on ‘Punishment＇ for boys than for girls. （4） Urban mothers had higher score in ‘Warmth and understanding＇ than rural mothers, while on ‘Rejection and deny＇ and ‘over-involved＇ urban mother had higher scores. In sum, mother＇s attachment and parenting style are influenced by multiple factors such as mother＇s location and the gender of children.