德国斯图加特市轨道交通车站公交衔接的布置案例剖析

Case Study on Feeder Bus of Rail Transit Stations in Stuttgart,Germany

城市轨道交通车站的公交衔接效果同其周围的公交线网与换乘通道的布设方法有密切关系。按一定的逻辑关系分类列举了斯图加特市轨道交通车站的公交线网与换乘通道布置的典型案例,并对这些案例进行了剖析。提炼出4条可借鉴的经验:①当轨道交通车站的公交线路较多时,按单向循环线设置这些公交线路的走向比较有效,可以减少公交车之间的交织行为,提高车站附近道路的通行效率。②在轨道交通车站布设公交单向循环线的方法很多,除了利用公交车、出租车及自行车站外,还可利用街坊、轨道交通车站周围的小型公共设施、绿地道路、道路及交叉口加宽、立交桥下空间等实现公交单循环线。③公交车站与轨道交通车站出入口的距离应尽量缩短。④公交车站与轨道交通车站出入口的换乘通道尽量避免与车流和其他人流交叉。

The effectiveness of feeder bus on urban rail transit stations （URTS） is closely related to the layout of bus-line network surrounding rail transit station and the transfer channels. According to the classification based on a certain logic relation, this article lists some typical layout cases of URTS transfer channel in Stuttgart, and analyzes these examples correspondingly. On this basis, some referential experiences are obtained. Firstly, one-direction circulation of bus is an effective way to reduce the intersection between buses, it will also improve the transportation capability of the roads around the station; secondly, more ways could be found to carry out onedirection circulation of bus, that will rely on effective use of taxi and bicycle stations, roads and local public facilities around URTS, roads in greenbelt, intersections, spaces under interchanges, etc., not only on bus-lines; thirdly, the distance between the entrance/exit of URTS and bus station should be designed as short as possible; fourthly, the transfer channels should avoid the interference with passenger flow and traffic. The author hopes that these experiences will be useful for the plan and design of urban rail transit station in China.