高产春大豆结实性垂直分布规律初步研究

Preliminary Analysis on Vertical Distribution of Fecundity of High-yield Spring Soybean

以有限结荚习性大豆黑农41、W1、石豆2号、吉育47为材料，研究了单株荚数、腔数、粒数和结实率等垂直分布，结果表明，大豆荚数、腔数、粒数在主茎上的垂直分布大体呈现顶部第1节数目最多，第2节明显下降，第3节开始恢复至第5节，第6节至第8节保持较平稳趋势，第9节后开始缓慢下降的变化规律；结实率顶部1—6节均高，第7节以下茎节降低；着粒密度（0．73-1．37粒／cm）。单株产量最高材料W1荚数、腔数、粒数在各节的分布均较其它材料明显增多，尤其在顶部第1节最明显，着粒密度也最高，为1．37粒／cm，但结实率稍低为80．48％。提高中上部尤其是顶端的荚数、腔数和下部的结实率，是提高大豆产量重要途径。

Heinong41, W1, Shidou2hao,Jiyu47 soybean eultivars with pods setting habit were used as materials to study vertical distribution of the number of pods , ventricles, seeds, and seed setting rate. The result showed that vertical distribution of the number of pods , ventricles, seeds in stem indicated the number in the crown of 1st node was maximum, that of 2nd node dropped obviously and, was restored from 3th to 5th, the steady tendency maintains from 6th to 8th node, that below 9th node increased slowy. The setting rate of 1 st and 6th node was ihgh, that below 7th onde reduced. The density of seeds was 0.73 - 1.37 seeds/cm. The yield per plant on the material W1 was the highest. The distribution of number of pod, ventricles, seeds on the different node was denser than that of other materials, expeeially in crown of the 1 st node, 1.37 grain/cm. But the seed setting rate was 80.48 %. Soybean yield could be promoted if the number of pods and ventricles in the peak of stem could be enhanced.