大功率电力机车车体与变压器关键部位强度计算及设计

Design and strength calculation of key components of main transformer and body of high-power electric locomotive

采用有限元方法对世界最大功率货运电力机车的车体和变压器关键部件强度进行了计算,车体结构用壳元和空间梁单元进行模拟,对作为支撑的高圆簧用刚度等效的圆柱薄壳进行模拟,并根据计算结果以及拓扑优化结果对车体关键受力部位进行了重新设计,设计之后的车体结构基本满足相关要求。车体计算模型共划分了约34万个节点,自由度总数超过200万。对主变压器的关键受力部件进行了进一步计算,变压器拉螺杆使用3节点轴对称单元、吊装螺栓使用四面体单元进行模拟。结果显示,对于拉螺杆以及厚薄螺母的接触,第一匝接触螺纹的应力最高,而后每一匝螺纹上的应力逐渐降低。吊装工况下变压器高应力区域主要发生在吊装螺栓附近,且同一安装座上的吊装螺栓应力分布是不同的。

Finite element method was used for the strength calculations of the key components of the main transformer and the locomotive body of the high-power electric locomotive. Shell and beam elements are used for the numerical mod the behaviors of the spring by using cling stiff of the locomotive body. Cylindrical shell was used to simulate ness equivalence method. According to the computational results and the results of the topological optimization, the key components of the locomotive body were redesigned to satisfy the strength of the locomotive structure. The whole model of the locomotive consists of more than 340,000 nodes and the freedom degrees are more than 2,000,000. The further computation on the main transformer, in which 3 nodes axis-symmetric elements are used for the screw bolts and tetrahedral elements are used for the suspension bolts, showed that the stress on the first coil of the bolt is the highest. The stress gradually decreases when the location becomes far from the first coil of the screw bolt. In the suspension load case, the high stresses on the transformer occur near the suspension bolts and the stresses of the four bolts on the same installation block are different.