空气弹簧弹性特性理论分析与试验研究

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Research on Air Spring's Elastic Characteristics

刚度特性、频率特性直接影响空气弹簧的隔振性能。利用工程热力学理论推导空气弹簧刚度及频率的数学表达式,并进一步利用试验研究空气弹簧静、动态特性,研究结果表明:空气弹簧弹性特性为一族非线性曲线,充气压力越大,承载能力越强;空气弹簧的刚度随充气压力增大而增大,而频率基本保持不变;在激励频率为0.5-6.0Hz范围内,空气弹簧的动刚度随着激励频率的增加呈先缓慢减小然后迅速减少的趋势;动刚度基本不随激励振幅发生变化。

The vertical stiffness and frequency characteristics of air spring have a direct influence on its performance of vibration isolation. Mathematical expression of air spring stiffness and frequency are established by virtue of the theories of engineering thermodynamics. On the basis of theoretical analysis, air spring＇s static and dynamic characteristics are studied through experiments. The results show that air spring elastic characteristics can be expressed as a family of curves. The greater the air pressure is, the stronger the bearing capacity of the air spring is. Stiffness of the air spring increases with the increase of inflation pressure, but frequency remains unchanged basically. In the range of 0.5 - 6.0Hz for excitation frequency, the dynamic stiffness of the air spring initially decreases slowly with increase of the excitation frequency and then decreases rapidly. Dynamic stiffness is basically independent of excitation amplitude.