西施舌的食谱分析

Analysis of Cookbook for Coelomactra antiquate

为了提高西施舌（Coelomactra antiquata）种苗和人工养殖的生长率与成活率，以人工培育的西施舌稚贝和自然海区采捕的成贝为材料，采用人工投饵试验观察与镜检胃含物方法，对西施舌的食谱进行分析，结果表明：西施舌的稚贝除幼体发育阶段摄食超微型单细胞藻类外，还摄食个体大小为20～60μm的直链藻（Melosira spp．）、条纹小环藻（Cyclotella striam）、库氏园筛藻（Coscinodiscus kiitzngii）、小形园筛藻（C．minor）、小形舟形藻（Navicula Parva）、柔软舟形藻（N．mollis）、盾形舟形藻（N．scutiformis）、颗粒菱形藻（Nitzschia granulata）、碎片菱形藻（N．frustulum）、琴式菱形藻（N．panduriformis）、盾形卵形藻（Cocconeis scutellum）、双标胸隔藻（Mastogloia binotata）、施氏双壁藻（Diploneis schmidtii）等微型浮游硅藻及底栖硅藻。成体西施舌的食物以硅藻为主，计有35属114种。其中，直链藻、小环藻、园筛藻、舟形藻、菱形藻、辐裥藻（Actinoptychus sp．）、三角藻（Trlceretium sp．）、脆杆藻（Fragilaria sp．）、斑条藻（Grammatophora sp．）、褶盘藻（Frybioptychus sp．）、马鞍藻（Campylodiscussp．）、盒形藻（Biddulphia sp．）和双眉藻（Amphora sp．）等13属占优势。此外，还摄食单细胞绿藻、甲藻以及原生动物，小型甲壳动物和蔓足类的六肢幼虫及有机碎屑。

To further improve the productivity and viability of the artificial agriculture and cultivation of the Coelomactra antiquata breeds, the research studied the preys of Coelomactra antiquata by test and observation of the casting baits and microscopic examination on the gastric residues to analyze both the young Coelomactra antiquata Cutivated artificially and the mature caught in natural sea area, and the result shows that： The observations about Coelomactra antiquate juveniles regarding their intermediate breeding, that the microalgal of except ingest started to ingest the diatoms Melosira spp., CycloteUa striata, Coscinodiscus kiitzingii, Coscinodiscus minor, Navicula parva, Navicula mollis, Navicula scutiformis, Nitzschia granulata, Nitzschia , Frustulum , Nitzschia panduriformiz , Gocconeis scutcllum , Mastogloia binotata and Diploneis schmidtii, with individual size range from 20 μm to 60 μm apart from the micro--alga with larvae as food. The result of gravimetric stomach analysis revealed the main dietary niche of Coelo- mactra antiquate. With lengths of more than 5.2 cm was diatoms. Among these dietary diatoms of 114 species, 35 genera, 13 species were dominating species, namely Melosira spp. , Cyclotella spp. , Coscin- odiscus spp. , Navicula spp. , Nitzschia spp., Actinoptychus sp. , Triceratium sp., Grammatophora sp., Frybioptychus sp., Campylodiscus sp., Fragilaria sp., sp. In addition,Coelomactra antiquata juveniles also cosumed protozoa, mimi-crustacean plankton, nauplius of barnacle, and organic detritus.