与标记、语序相关的几条句法共性

Some Universals of Syntax with Particular Reference to Markedness and Word Order

主语、动词、宾语之间的语法标记类型可能有16种。文章通过对82种语言的取样分析,发现不存在全部的16种标记方式。有的标记方式有语言实证,有的标记方式无实证;在有实证的标记类型中,又有实证语言的多寡之分。文章讨论这些有实证和无实证、实证多和实证少的标记方式,并尝试建立语法标记类型和基本语序类型之间的一些关联。

Sixteen markedness patterns may exist in the grammatical relations between Subject, Verb and Object. This paper investigates the relationship between these markedness patterns and basic word order, mainly by surveying a worldwide sample of 82 languages. Eight universals of syntax with particular reference to markedness and word order are proposed therein, and a functional explanation is also tentatively provided.