1655名少数民族医学生心理健康横断面研究

A Cross-sectional study of mental health among 1655 minority-students with medicine major

[目的]研究分析云南省某医学院少数民族学生心理健康状况,为开展少数民族大学生心理健康教育提供依据。[方法]采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对云南省某医学院2001级～2005级学生中的1655名少数民族学生心理健康状况进行测评,并进行比较分析。[结果]1655名学生中,被测试9个因子分中至少有1项SCL-90因子分≥1.8分的占25.32%,不同少数民族之间、不同学历之间、不同的年级学生之间因子得分差异无显著性,不同性别之间、独生子女与非独生子女之间因子分得差异有统计学意义。医学生的9个因子分均高于国内成人及青年常模,均有统计学差异;除恐怖因子外,强迫、人际敏感、抑郁和偏执因子均高于国内大学生,5个因子均有统计学差异。[结论]云南省某医学院少数民族学生心理卫生问题阳性检出率与国内外报道一致,但少数民族医学生心理健康状况差于国内成人及同龄人;除恐怖症状外,强迫、人际敏感、抑郁和偏执症状也差于国内大学生,各种心理健康状况差于汉族学生。少数民族医学生心理健康状况令人担忧,应关注他们特有的心理健康状况及影响因素,在高等院校开展针对性的心理卫生健康教育及健康促进工作。

Objective To assess mental health status of minority-students with medicine major, and to provide evidence for implement mental health education among this population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by using SCL-90 to evaluate minority-students in a medical college in Yunnan province. Results Among 1655 students, 25.32% of them had the score above 1.8 at least in one of 9 factors. There were no significant differences among different minority groups, educational backgrounds and grades, but differences between man and woman , and between only-child and non only-child in family were significant. 9 factor scores of medical college minority-students were higher than standard of Chinese adults and youth models, and some factors including obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression and paranoiiet ideation were higher than standard model of Chinese college students except for phobia anxiety factor, with significant difference. Conclusion Mental health situation of minority students in a medical college of Yunnan Province is similar with previous reports at home and abroad, but except for phobia anxiety, their situation regarding obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression and paranoiiet ideation were worsen than average level of Chinese adults and youth of Chinese college students, minority students＇ mental health status were worse than Han students. Their situation should be paid attention and the mental health education and health promotion should be developed to target on this population.