不同年龄段血液透析患者营养状况的比较及护理对策

Comparision of nutritional status of hemodialysis patients with different ages and its nursing strategy

目的探讨不同年龄段血液透析患者的营养状况，分析出现营养状况差异的原因。方法将109例血透患者根据年龄分为青年组（n=26）、中年组（n=49）、老年组（n=34），测量身体指标、血生化指标、饮食调查结果、握力、主观综合评估结果，比较三组患者的营养指标及关联。结果三组患者的小腿围、前白蛋白、血肌酐、握力、SGA评分等差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），且该5个因素均与年龄呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。结论随着年龄增长，血液透析患者的营养状况存在下降趋势，护理人员有必要针对年长患者进行定期营养监测和干预，防止营养不良的发生。

Objective To explore the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients with different ages, and analyze the reasons of differences＂ of nutritional status. Methods 109 hemodialysis patients were divided into the young-age group （n =26）, the middle-age group （n =49） and the old-age group （n =34）. The body indices, blood biochemical parameters, dietary assessment, handgrip strength and subjective global assessment were measured. The nutritional indices and relationship were compared among patients in the three groups. Results Leg circumstance, prealbumin, creatinine, handgrip strength and SGA scores were different among the three groups （P 〈0. 05 or P 〈0. 01 ）. And those five factors were all statistically associated with age （P 〈0. 05 ）. Conclusions With the increase of age, the hemodialysis patients＇ nutritional status has a descending trend. It＇ s necessary for nursing staff to timely monitor and intervene the nutrition of elderly patients so as to prevent the incidence of malnutrition.