试析明末清初学术思想与社会思潮的演变态势

On the Evolution of the Academic Ideology and Social Thought Trends in the Late-Ming and Early-Qing Period

本文认为明末清初的多元学术思想和社会思潮发生了巨大转变,最终俱归于经史考据一途。文章从内在学术理路和外在社会环境两大方面展开,包括王阳明心学、东林复社的学术、考据学和西学之间的关联和继替,以及引起当时主要社会思潮的社会危机、明朝倾覆等大的历史背景。通过梳理各种思想思潮的端绪,弄清其来龙去脉,从而简要分析清初"由理学入经学"学术思想转变的过程,以及启蒙思潮、民族主义思潮、实学思潮等社会思潮转化和潜伏的原因。

This paper holds that the late-Ming and early-Qing multicultural academic thinking and social thoughts underwent tremendous change, and ultimately are attributable to the history. This paper discusses two major aspects from the internal academic logic and external social environment including the WANG Yang-ming＇ s Mind Study, Donglinfushe＇ s academics, textual criticism and the link with Western academic thoughts as well as the social crisis as the main cause of social thought, the Ming Dynasty overturning as a great historical background. By combing through all kinds of ideas and thoughts to ascertain its origin and development, this paper briefly analyses the process of transformation of the academic notion from science to study in the early Qing Dynasty as well as the reasons for the change and potential existence of the Enlightenment idea, the idea of nationalism and the idea of pragmatism.