我国实施农村义务教育问责制的路径探究

Route Study of Accountability System of Rural Compulsory Education in China

义务教育问责制在促进教育资源均衡发展和教育公平方面发挥着重要作用。当前,我国在实施教育问责制中存在的突出问题是:问责主体缺乏问责意识;问责制缺乏规范;问责制流于形式。相比城镇义务教育,农村义务教育问责制的问题更突出、实施难度更大。究其原因,主要在于权责关系的混乱和失衡;缺乏有效的监督和约束机制;农村环境中的法制和民主观念淡薄。借鉴国外实施义务教育问责制的经验,并结合我国实际,应尽快建立农村义务教育学校落实问责制的保障机制;将农村建立教育问责制的重心放在体制架构上,主要从问责主客体、问责内容与问责途径三个层面上展开。

The accountability system of compulsory education is of vital help to promoting balanced development of educational resources and education equity. At present, the prominent problems of implementing educational accountabilitysystem in our country are as the follows：the subjects of accountability system lack consciousness of accountability;the accountability system is substandard;the accountability system turns out to be a mere formality. Compared to urban compulsory education, the problems of accountability system in rural compulsory education are more striking and more difficult to implement. The main reasons lie in the imbalance and confusion of rights and responsibility relations, the lack of effective supervision and restriction mechanism, the insufficiency of legal and democratic idea in rural environment. We should establish the guarantee mechanism of implementing accountability system of compulsory education schools in our county as soon as possible by learning foreign country＇s experience of implementing the accountability system of compulsory education and considering the fact of our country ; focus on the construction of system in terms of subject and object, content and ways of accountability.