广西2006年农村环境卫生现状分析

Analysis of environmental hygiene status in rural areas of Guangxi,2006

目的分析2006年广西农村环境卫生现状。方法分层随机抽取广西33个县开展农村生活饮用水水质调查，选择其中的23个县241个行政村2414户农户开展农村的村容、垃圾和污水处理、卫生厕所等情况调查。结果241个调查村中，实行统一村容规划的占20．75％，没有硬化路面的占45．23％，没有卫生保洁员的占90．04％，无卫生管理制度的占81．72％。每村平均月产生活垃圾及生产性垃圾分别为63．42、109．23吨，生活、生产垃圾处理率分别占44．27％（28．08／63．42），79．25％（86．56／109．23）；调查村月均产生活污水5674．79吨、生产污水2365．44吨，其中生活污水以随意及明沟排放方式为主，分别占52．75％、29．42％。调查2414户农户，其卫生厕所普及率为43．79％（1057／2414）。33个调查县生活饮用水水质总合格率为24．24％（327／1349），不同供水方式水质总大肠茵群平均合格率在27．32％-46．15％之间。23个调查县甲肝、痢疾、伤寒副伤寒和感染性腹泻发病共10491例，死亡7例，病死率为0．067％。结论2006年广西农村村容规划率低。垃圾、污水和粪便无害化处理率低，饮用水水质合格率低，介水疾病流行风险高。建议加强农村环境卫生设施投入和管理制度建设，以提高农村卫生防病能力。

Objective To analyze environmental hygiene status in rural areas of Guangxi in 2006. Methods A total of 33 counties were selected by stratified random sampling method in Guangxi for the survey of rural drinking water quality. Then, 2 414 peasant families in 241 administrative villages were selected from 23 of 33 counties for the investigation of environmental hygiene status, including village appearance, garbage and waste water treatment, and toilets. Results In the 241 villages, 20.75% had unified layout of the village appearance; 45.23% had no hard surface roads; 90.04% had no sanitary cleaners, and 81.72% had no hygiene management rules. Averagely each village produced 63.42 tons of domestic garbage and 109.23 tons of productive garbage monthly. The treatment rates of domestic and productive garbage were 44.27% （28.08/63.42） and 79.25% （86.56/109.23）, respectively. Averagely each village produced 5 674.79 tons of domestic sewage and 2 365.44 tons of productive sewage monthly. 52.75% of domestic sewage was discharged at discretion and 29.42% was discharged into open ditches. In 2 414 peasant families, 1 057（43.79% ）possessed sanitation toilets. The total qualified rate of drinking water was 24.24% （327/ 1 349）in 33 water sampling counties. The average qualification rate of total coliform was between 27.32% - 46. 15% in different types of water supply. There were 10 491 cases （7 dead） of hepatitis A, dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, and infectious diarrhea in 23 counties. The attack rate was 0. 067%. Conclusion The rate of unified layout of the village appearance, rates of sound handling of waste water, garbage and feces and the qualified rate of drinking water quality were low, but the risk of water -born infectious disease outbreak was high in rural areas of Guangxi in 2006. It is suggested to strengthen the rural sanitation facilities and management system to enhance the capacity of disease prevention in rural areas.