重庆天原化工总厂“4.16”事故人员疏散调查研究

Survey on the public evacuation behavior in "4.16" accident at Tianyuan chemical factory of Chongqing

本文选择2004年4月16日重庆天原化工总厂发生的氯气泄漏爆炸事故,运用问卷和访谈对当时的人员疏散情况进行了现场调查,运用SPSS软件对问卷调查结果进行分析,发现疏散人员事先的中毒或疏散经历有助于缩短疏散准备时间,而心理顾虑对疏散准备有不利影响。基于调查分析结果,提出可以通过选择合适的通知主体与通知方式,合理利用疏散人员的从众心理,开展疏散演习和宣传教育活动,消除疏散人员的心理顾虑等措施提高疏散行动效率;并认为此次事故中的部分人员不疏散、不选择政府设立的避难所作为疏散目的地、疏散时喜好选择最熟悉的路径、疏散中途返家以及疏散过程中以步行方式撤离为主等现象值得今后开展区域疏散分析时注意。

The public evacuation behavior during the chlorine release and explosion accident at Tianyuan chemical factory of Chongqing in April 16 2004 was surveyed in this paper with questionnaire and interview. SPSS 11.0 was applied to analyze the data from the questionnaires. It was found that, the former similar experience tends to accelerate the evacuation preparation, while the internal apprehensions tend to decelerate such preparation before actual carry out evacuation drills and education activities, to reassure the evacuees and so on. Some other issues, for example, the residents not evacuated despite of the warnings, the evacuees looking for refuges other than the official shelters, the preference to the most familiar roads, re-entry behavior and the pedestrian prevalence in evacuation traffic, are necessary to be taken into account during later analysis of regional evacuation.