景观生态学方法在规划环境影响评价中的应用——以大连森林公园东区规划环境影响评价为例

Application of landscape ecological method in planning environment impact assessment—A case study for east part of Dalian Forest Park

在综合考虑各种社会经济影响因素的基础上,从景观格局、景观功能、景观受胁迫性等3方面构建评价指标体系,并据此开展规划实施的景观生态影响综合评价.利用计算机模型模拟各种规划替代方案的景观格局动态,并通过分析景观格局指数的变化实现对规划替代方案的比选,建立起规划环评中景观生态学方法应用的技术框架,进而应用于大连森林公园东区建设规划环境影响评价.研究结果表明,规划的实施有利于区域景观格局和功能的改善,但会导致人类对景观干扰和胁迫加重.采用以旅游经济为主导型方案(替代方案1),景观破碎化趋势明显;以生态优先主导型方案(替代方案2),景观向整合集约化趋势发展.

According to the problems of landscape ecological method application in planning environmental impact assessment （PEIA）, such as assessment methods are insufficient, index system is imperfect or lack of combination with planning optimization, an evaluation index system comprised of landscape structure, landscape function and landscape intimidation was constructed with comprehensive consideration of socioeconomic factors. And accordingly the landscape ecological impact of the planning was evaluated. Meanwhile, computer model was introduced to simulate the dynamic landscape pattern of the alternatives. By analyzing the changes of landscape metrics, comparison and selection for alternatives was achieved. Based on above results, the application framework for landscape ecological method in PEIA was established and then applied in PEIA of Dalian forest park. Results showed that the plan improved the landscape patter and function, but it also increased landscape disturbance. Trend of landscape fragmentation was significant under alternative 1, and landscape developed an intensive integration trend under alternative 2.