中国三县（市）城乡居民对公共场所控烟政策的态度及其影响因素研究

Factors associated with attitudes toward tobacco control policy in public places among adults in three counties of China

目的了解3个县（市）城乡居民对公共场所完全禁止吸烟的态度，探讨影响城乡居民控烟态度的主要因素。方法2004年以四川省绵竹市、江西省安义县、河南省新安县为研究现场，每个研究现场均采用三阶段分层随机抽样方法，抽取18～69岁城乡居民作为调查对象。由经过培训的调查员运用统一设计的调查表，以面对面询问方式进行人户调查。采用岔检验和非条件logistic回归模型，分析城乡居民对公共场所完全禁烟的态度及其影响因素。结果3个县（市）调查对象的现在吸烟率为44．3％，在现在吸烟者中80．7％（1379／1709）报告经常或有时在公共场所吸烟；有工作者中9．6％（479／4983）报告工作场所有室内完全禁烟的规定；调查对象对公共场所完全禁止吸烟的赞成率是43．5％。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示，地区、城乡、年龄、性别、文化程度、吸烟状况、掌握被动吸烟的健康危害知识、通过广播接受过控烟宣传与居民对公共场所完全禁烟态度的关系有统计学意义。居住在城区的调查对象比居住在农村者更支持在公共场所完全禁烟（OR=1．29）；女性支持高于男性（OR=1．27）；高年龄组较低年龄组更赞成公共场所完全禁烟（30～49岁洮18～29岁：OR=1．46；50～69岁伽．18～29岁：OR=1．71）；文化程度与控烟态度间呈正关联，文化程度越高，赞成率越高；与吸烟者相比，戒烟者、非吸烟者更支持存公共场所完全禁烟，OR值分别为1．90和2．01；掌握被动吸烟健康危害知识的调查对象对公共场所完全禁烟的赞成率高于未掌握知识者（OR=2．26）；通过广播接受过控烟宣传者较未接受者更赞成公共场所完全禁烟（OR=1．43）。结论3个县（市）人群已有一定的禁烟基础，应尽快制定并推广在公共场所完全禁止吸烟的规定。

Objective To investigate the attitudes of urban and rural community members toward total banning on smoking in public places and to explore the factors associated with these attitudes, in three counties/cities in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in three counties/cities in 2004, including Xin＇ an county of Henan province, Anyi county of Jiangxi province, and Mianzhu city of Sichuan province. A total of 5642 residents at age of 18-69 years old were interviewed face-to-face with a uniform questionnaire by locally-trained interviewers, through a random three-stage stratified sampling in each county. Factors were assumed to be associated with attitudes, using chi-square test in univariate analysis and non-conditional logistic regression model in multivariate analysis. Results The prevalence of current smoking among respondents was 44.3%. 80.7% （1379/1709） of the current smokers reported smoking often or sometimes in public places. Only 9.6% （479/4983） of the respondents reported that their indoor workplaces had totally banned on smoking. 43.5% of the respondents supported a total smoking ban strategy in pubic venues. The results of multivariate logistic regression model showed that eight factors were significantly associated with support for the total smoking ban in public places included region, residency, age, gender, education, smoking status, awareness about passive smoking hazards, and heating of any message on tobacco control through media differences of rates regarding the factors as： residents in urban to rural areas（OR： 1.29）, elderly to youngsters（30-49 vs. 18-29, OR： 1.46; 50-69 vs. 18-29, OR： 1.71 ）, female to male （OR： 1.27）, high-educated to less-educated ones, quitters to current smokers （OR=1.90）, nonsmokers to current smokers （OR=2.01）. Those who know messages on health hazards of passive smoking （0R=2.26） , or heard of message on tobacco control through media （OR= 1.43）. Conclusion Results from our study revealed that a thorough smoke-free policy in public places should be developed and implemented in these three counties/cities.