东北地区五个引进鸭品种的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Structure Analysis of five Introduced Duck Breeds in North-East China

通过线粒体D-loop区测序对东北地区的五个引进鸭品种（樱桃谷鸭、长岛鸭、北北京鸭、康贝尔鸭、白冠鸭）20个个体进行了遗传结构的分析,通过对mtDNAD-loop部分序列进行扩增,对PCR产物经纯化后进行序列测定,得到了710bp的核苷酸序列。通过Mega软件对所得的序列进行比较,共检测出86个位点碱基存在变异,其中包括16个简约信息位点;利用Mega的“Pairwise distance”计算个体间的相对遗传距离。结果表明：其序列差异在0.000～0.082之间,得出20个个体有18种单倍型;并构建了系统发育树。运用DNASP软件计算所得该群体核苷酸多样性（Pi）、单倍型多样度（Hd）和平均核苷酸差异数（K）分别为0.01911、0.9842和13.3588。研究结果表明：鸭种群线粒体D-loop区序列个体变异程度很小,但种群的遗传多样性水平很高,适合于群体内及群体间不同个体的遗传多样性分析。

The PCR technique was used to analyze the mtDNA D-loop sequences in 20 individuals of five duck strains. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. As a result, a series of 710bp nucleotide sequences of partial D-loop region were obtained. Comparing the D-loop fragments with each other by Mega software,86 sites were variable among all the partial mitochondrial D-loop region sequences including 16 parsimonious message sites. The relative genetic distances were calculated among individuals by ＂Pairwise distance＂ method of Mega. The results indicated that the differentiation of the 20 sequences ranged from 0.000 to 0.082 and showed 18 kinds of haplotypes among 20 individuals and construct phylogenetic trees. The number of polymorphic sites （S） was 86;the nucleotide diversity （Pi） and the average number of nucleotide differences（K）were 0.01911 and 13.3588,respectively.It can be concluded that the variation in mtDNA D-loop region sequences of duck strains was less relatively. But the genetic diversity of duck strains was higher relatively. As a result, mtDNA D-loop region sequences can be used to scan genetic diversity of populations.