秸秆还田和品种对土壤水盐运移及小麦产量的影响

Effects of Straw Returning and Wheat Cultivars on Soil Water and Salt Movement and Wheat Yield

试验设置秸秆还田和不还田两种方式,选用抗盐小麦德抗961和普通小麦鲁麦10,以探明秸秆还田和品种选择对盐渍土水盐运移和小麦产量的影响。研究结果表明,秸秆还田能够减少水分散失,提高土壤含水量,同时减轻盐分在表层土壤的富集,有利于提高小麦产量。选用抗盐小麦品种不仅提高了小麦的抗盐能力,也降低了表层盐分的进一步富集。小麦产量的提高得益于产量构成因素的综合改善,其中每公顷穗数贡献较大。从减轻盐分表层富集和提高产量幅度来看,品种选择的效果优于秸秆还田。因此,选用抗盐品种,并结合秸秆还田,可以显著提高盐渍土小麦产量。

To study the effects on water and salt movement and wheat yield of straw returning and wheat cuhivars choosing, two wheat cultivars, salt-resistant wheat cultivars （Dekang 961） and common wheat cultivars （Lumai 10）, were planted with or without straw returning. The results showed that straw returning decreased the water movement from deep soil layer to topsoil significantly, and also decreased the movement of soil salt. And using salt-resistant wheat cuhivars could increase the capacity of salt-resistance, and decrease the movement of soil salt. Both using salt-resistant wheat cuhivars and straw returning could increase the wheat yield. And the increase of wheat yield was resulted by the comprehensive improvement of yield components; among them the contribution of spike number per hm^2 was higher. Compare with straw returning, the using of salt-resistant wheat cultivars had more obviously effects on the decrease of soil salt moving and the increase of wheat yield. In conclusion, using salt-resistant wheat cultivars with straw returning is a better method to increase the wheat yield in saline soil.